NDGF
By Doug Leier
You’ve heard for years about aquatic nuisance species but what are they? The zebra mussel is likely the most famous. Or infamous. Let’s get back to the basics and review some of the most important information on ANS and zebra mussels
What Are Aquatic Nuisance Species?
Aquatic nuisance species – nonnative organisms that cause harm to native and desirable species, the environment, economy, or human health – are wreaking havoc on aquatic ecosystems across the nation. Among these invaders, the zebra mussel stands out as a particularly troubling species, one that is increasingly making its presence felt in North Dakota’s lakes and rivers.
What is a zebra mussel?
Zebra mussels are small, freshwater mollusks native to the Caspian Sea region. They were accidentally introduced to North America in the late 1980s through the ballast water of European ships. Initially found in the Great Lakes, zebra mussels have spread rapidly across the continent, and unfortunately, they’ve made their way into North Dakota.
The zebra mussel poses significant risks to the state’s aquatic systems, and their effects are far-reaching. These mussels are notorious for their ability to reproduce at an alarming rate. A single female can produce up to a million eggs per year. Once established in an area, zebra mussels attach to surfaces in dense colonies, which can cause a range of problems. They clog water intake pipes, disrupt native species, and contribute to the decline of water quality by filtering out plankton and altering food webs.
In North Dakota, zebra mussels have been found in eastern North Dakota waters and the Red River, its tributaries, boat docks, marinas, and other infrastructure, where they accumulate in large numbers. In fact, the invasive species are now a growing concern for people who rely on these bodies of water for fishing, boating and water supply.
The expansion of zebra mussels can lead to a significant reduction in native aquatic biodiversity. By outcompeting local mussels and filtering out plankton – the primary food source for many aquatic species – zebra mussels disrupt the entire ecosystem. This can lead to a decline in fish populations, affecting local fisheries, anglers, and the economic health of communities that depend on these natural resources.
On top of the ecological damage, zebra mussels can also have a substantial financial toll. Their ability to cling to infrastructure means they can cause major issues for water utilities, irrigation systems and power plants. The cost of cleaning zebra mussels from intake pipes and other equipment can be considerable, especially in areas where infestations have gone unchecked for years. For fisheries and water recreation, to municipalities and power companies, the financial burden of managing zebra mussels can be significant.
The spread of zebra mussels in North Dakota highlights the importance of preventative measures and public awareness. The Game and Fish Department has been working to monitor water bodies for invasive species and implement strategies to limit their spread. Programs that focus on educating boaters, anglers and others who use water resources about the importance
of cleaning boats and gear after each use are essential in combating the spread of zebra mussels.
One of the most effective tools in the fight against zebra mussels is early detection. As more lakes and rivers in North Dakota are surveyed for the presence of invasive species, scientists can identify problem areas before they become widespread. Public reporting systems allow citizens to notify authorities when they spot potential zebra mussel colonies, which can help lead to more rapid responses and containment efforts.
Zebra mussels pose a serious threat to North Dakota’s aquatic environments. Their rapid spread and destructive effects on native ecosystems and local economies cannot be ignored. However, through education, prevention, and monitoring, we can take steps to slow their invasion and protect the beauty and biodiversity of North Dakota’s waters for future generations. It’s up to all of us to be vigilant stewards of our precious aquatic resources and help ensure that zebra mussels don’t continue to spread unchecked.
Learn more about aquatic nuisance species and zebra mussels here or
https://gf.nd.gov/ans
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